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Holash kumar

Understanding the IVF Procedure

A Step-by-Step Guide designed to remove fear and anxiety.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) is a transformative medical procedure designed to help individuals and couples overcome infertility. According to experts like Dr. Emily Charter (Consultant Gynecologist & IVF Expert), understanding the process step-by-step can make the journey much smoother.

When is IVF Recommended?

IVF is typically advised when other treatments have not been successful or in specific medical cases:

  • Male Factor Infertility: When sperm count or motility is significantly low.
  • Female Factor Infertility: Blocked/damaged fallopian tubes, advanced maternal age, or poor egg quality.
  • Unexplained Infertility: When basic treatments like IUI have failed.

The Step-by-Step IVF Process

Step 1 & 2

Preparation & Stimulation

Initial Investigation: Specific tests (like vaginal cultures) are done to ensure no infections exist. Doctors prescribe vitamins to optimize egg/sperm health.

Baseline Scan & Injections: Officially begins on Day 2 of the cycle.

  • Baseline Scan: Transvaginal Ultrasound (TVS) to count follicles.
  • Injections: Hormonal injections start to stimulate ovaries. (Note: These use very fine needles and are usually painless.)
Step 3 & 4

Monitoring & Trigger

Around Day 5 or 6, ultrasound monitoring begins. Antagonist injections are added to prevent early release.

The Trigger Injection: Once follicles reach ~18mm, this injection is given to mature the eggs for retrieval.

Step 5 & 6

Retrieval & Fertilization

Egg Retrieval: Performed 34–36 hours after the trigger under light sedation. The male partner provides a sample the same day.

Fertilization Methods:

  • Conventional IVF: Natural fertilization in a dish.
  • ICSI: A single sperm is injected directly into an egg (ideal for male infertility).
Step 7

Embryo Transfer

The healthiest embryo is placed into the uterus. This is a painless process requiring no anesthesia.

Fresh vs. Frozen Transfer:

  • Fresh: Occurs in the same cycle.
  • Frozen (FET): Embryos are frozen for a later cycle (often safer to avoid OHSS).

The Final Step: Pregnancy Test

Hormonal support (progesterone) is given for 12–14 days. After this period, a Beta-HCG blood test confirms the pregnancy.

Summary

IVF is a scientifically advanced, safe, and largely painless journey toward parenthood. With modern techniques, the process is more patient-friendly than ever before.

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